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相关截图：  资料简介： "本书是一本覆盖研究生、本专科生、中学生等所有Python学习者的入门书。以""够用、适用、易学”为原则，组织、设计全书的框架和内容，全书共包括四篇：第一篇——营造环境，主要阐述学习的环境与平台安装、IDLE与Pycharm的使用、常见的内外部模块及其安装。第二篇——掀起头盖，重点讨论Python的主要语法：数据类型、变量常量、语句、输入输出、函数与模块化、文件与对象、类、异常。第三篇——实战演习，主要展示了四个完整的应用案例，涵盖桌面小游戏、数据挖掘与分析、图像识别与机器学习、智能检测与控制。第四篇——继续前进，着重讨论了脚本文件的打包、代码的Pythonic化和Python的博大精深。 本书在内容组织和框架设计上具有两个鲜明特点：全案例、基于读者学习。从读者学习的角度，组织每个章节的内容体系，几乎所有的知识点都辅之以范例，同时给出了四个完整的综合性工程案例，这些都十分有利于学习者学习...... 资料目录：
第 1 章 Python 及其安装 ··························································································· （2）
1.1 为什么要学习 Python ···················································································· （2）
1.1.1 Python 的广泛性 ······················································································· （2）
1.1.2 Python 的新颖性 ······················································································· （3）
1.1.3 Python 的生态性 ······················································································· （4）
1.1.4 Python 的应用领域举例 ·············································································· （5）
1.1.5 Python 的局限性 ······················································································· （6）
1.2 学习 Python 的必备“神器” ········································································· （6）
1.2.1 Python 概况 ····························································································· （6）
1.2.2 常用的 Python 集成开发环境 ······································································· （8）
1.3 安装和设置 Python ························································································ （9）
1.3.1 获取 Python ····························································································· （9）
1.3.2 安装 Python ··························································································· （11）
1.3.3 设置 Python ··························································································· （15）
思考与实践 ········································································································· （19）
第 2 章 IDLE 的使用 ································································································ （20）
2.1 IDLE 的安装与设置 ···················································································· （20）
2.1.1 IDLE 的安装 ························································································· （20）
2.1.2 IDLE 的启动 ························································································· （21）
2.1.3 IDLE 的个性化设置 ················································································ （21）
2.2 Edit 编辑模式与 Shell 命令行模式的切换 ····················································· （25）
2.2.1 Edit 编辑模式与 Shell 命令行模式的切换方式 ················································ （25）
2.2.2 IDLE 的文本编辑功能 ············································································· （27）
2.3 在 IDLE 中运行程序 ···················································································· （29）
2.3.1 在 Edit 模式下运行程序 ············································································ （30）
2.3.2 在 Shell 模式下运行程序 ·········································································· （30）
2.4 IDLE 的程序调试功能 ················································································· （31）
2.4.1 两种调试方法 ························································································ （31）
2.4.2 在 Shell 模式下的程序调试 ······································································· （32）
2.4.3 在 Edit 模式下的程序调试 ········································································· （34）
2.4.4 断点调试 ······························································································ （35）
2.5 在 Shell 模式下如何清屏 ············································································· （35）
思考与实践 ········································································································· （37）
第 3 章 安装 PyCharm ····························································································· （38）
3.1 PyCharm 及其安装 ······················································································ （38）
3.1.1 PyCharm 的 3 种版本形式 ········································································· （38）
3.1.2 获取 PyCharm ························································································ （40）
3.1.3 安装 PyCharm ························································································ （42）
3.2 PyCharm 的个性化设置 ··············································································· （45）
3.2.1 设置入口 ······························································································ （45）
3.2.2 外观设置 ······························································································ （47）
3.2.3 Editor 与自动代码补齐设置 ······································································· （47）
3.2.4 解释器设置 ··························································································· （48）
3.2.5 运行键设置 ··························································································· （50）
思考与实践 ········································································································· （52）
第 4 章 Python 的标准资源 ······················································································ （53）
4.1 Python 内置的标准模块 ··············································································· （53）
4.1.1 通过 help()命令查看内置模块 ···································································· （53）
4.1.2 通过 IDLE 的【Help】菜单查看内置模块 ····················································· （58）
4.1.3 常用内置模块及其功能介绍 ······································································ （59）
4.1.4 内置模块的主要函数（方法）简介 ····························································· （60）
4.2 内置模块的应用举例 ··················································································· （66）
4.2.1 与路径相关的应用举例 ············································································ （66）
4.2.2 与时间相关的应用举例 ············································································ （67）
4.3 Python 的内置函数 ······················································································ （68）
4.3.1 如何查看 Python 有哪些内置函数 ······························································· （68）
4.3.2 内置函数及其功能 ·················································································· （69）
4.3.3 内置函数的应用举例 ··············································································· （72）
思考与实践 ········································································································· （75）
第 5 章 Python 的外部资源 ······················································································ （76）
5.1 为什么要安装外部模块 ··············································································· （76）
5.2 如何安装外部模块 ······················································································ （77）
5.2.1 升级安装工具 ························································································ （77）
5.2.2 使用 pip 安装外部模块 ············································································· （79）
5.2.3 使用 easy_install 安装外部模块 ·································································· （81）
5.3 将安装后的外部模块导入 PyCharm 中 ························································· （83）
5.4 通过 PyCharm 安装外部模块 ······································································· （86）
5.4.1 通过 Project Interpreter 方式安装外部模块 ····················································· （87）
5.4.2 通过 Plugins 方式安装外部模块 ·································································· （92）
5.5 常用的外部模块及其应用 ············································································ （93）
5.5.1 常用的外部模块 ····················································································· （93）
5.5.2 外部模块的应用举例 ··············································································· （94）
思考与实践 ········································································································· （95）
第 2 篇 掀起盖头
第 6 章 我的 Python 处女作 ····················································································· （97）
6.1 新建工程 ···································································································· （97）
6.1.1 新建工程文件 ························································································ （97）
6.1.2 新建 Python 文件 ··················································································· （100）
6.1.3 配置工程并运行 ···················································································· （101）
6.2 关于工程及其要注意的 3 个事项 ································································ （102）
6.2.1 关于首次运行程序的注意事项 ·································································· （102）
6.2.2 关于工程的必要设置 ·············································································· （103）
6.2.3 关于运行与调试功能的设置问题 ······························································· （106）
6.2.4 关于 3 种运行方式 ················································································· （108）
思考与实践 ········································································································ （110）
第 7 章 Python 的数据类型 ····················································································· （111）
7.1 Python 程序的基本组成 ·············································································· （111）
7.1.1 一个温度转换的例子 ·············································································· （111）
7.1.2 程序的注释 ·························································································· （112）
7.1.3 语句 ··································································································· （113）
7.1.4 常量 ··································································································· （115）
7.1.5 变量 ··································································································· （117）
7.1.6 标识符 ································································································ （118）
7.1.7 函数 ··································································································· （118）
7.2 Python 的数据类型及其有关特性 ································································ （119）
7.2.1 Python 的数据类型分类 ··········································································· （119）
7.2.2 Python 变量的基本特性 ··········································································· （120）
7.3 Python 中的常量 ························································································ （121）
7.3.1 数字 ··································································································· （121）
7.3.2 字符串 ································································································ （123）
7.3.3 布尔值 ································································································ （125）
7.3.4 空值 ··································································································· （125）
7.4 Python 中的基本类型变量··········································································· （127）
7.4.1 变量的使用 ·························································································· （127）
7.4.2 基本变量的赋值 ···················································································· （127）
7.4.3 变量的地址 ·························································································· （128）
7.5 Python 中的构造类型变量··········································································· （129）
7.5.1 字符串 ································································································ （129）
7.5.2 列表 ··································································································· （132）
7.5.3 元组 ··································································································· （134）
7.5.4 集合 ··································································································· （137）
7.5.5 字典 ··································································································· （139）
7.6 归纳与总结 ································································································ （141）
7.6.1 各种类型的相互转换 ·············································································· （141）
7.6.2 字符串、列表、元组、字典和集合的异同点 ················································ （142）
思考与实践 ········································································································ （143）
第 8 章 Python 的数据运算 ····················································································· （144）
8.1 运算符的分类 ···························································································· （144）
8.2 运算符的功能与特点 ·················································································· （145）
8.2.1 算术运算符 ·························································································· （145）
8.2.2 比较运算符 ·························································································· （146）
8.2.3 赋值运算符 ·························································································· （147）
8.2.4 逻辑运算符 ·························································································· （149）
8.2.5 成员运算符 ·························································································· （150）
8.2.6 身份运算符 ·························································································· （151）
8.2.7 位运算符 ····························································································· （153）
8.3 运算符的优先级 ························································································· （155）
8.3.1 优先级与结合性 ···················································································· （155）
8.3.2 优先级的使用举例 ················································································· （157）
思考与实践 ········································································································ （158）
第 9 章 键盘输入与屏幕输出 ··················································································· （159）
9.1 键盘输入与 input()函数 ·············································································· （159）
9.1.1 input()函数的功能 ·················································································· （159）
9.1.2 数据类型之间的转换 ·············································································· （160）
9.2 屏幕输出与 print()函数 ··············································································· （162）
9.2.1 print()函数的功能 ·················································································· （162）
9.2.2 print()函数的 3 种使用形式 ······································································ （163）
9.3 练一练：通用倒计时器 ·············································································· （172）
9.3.1 程序设计要求与具体程序 ········································································ （172）
9.3.2 程序的两种运行方式 ·············································································· （173）
9.4 归纳与总结 ································································································ （175）
思考与实践 ········································································································ （176）
第 10 章 学会选择靠 if 语句 ···················································································· （177）
10.1 选择问题与 if 语句 ··················································································· （177）
10.2 if 语句的 3 种语法形式 ············································································· （178）
10.2.1 if 语句的第一种语法形式 ······································································· （178）
10.2.2 if 语句的第二种语法形式 ······································································· （180）
10.2.3 if 语句的第三种语法形式 ······································································· （182）
10.3 多重 if 语句与 if 语句的嵌套 ····································································· （184）
10.4 关于 if 语句的重要小结 ············································································ （186）
10.5 练一练——正整数分离 ············································································· （188）
思考与实践 ········································································································ （190）
第 11 章 重复操作与循环语句 ················································································· （191）
11.1 循环及其应用 ··························································································· （191）
11.2 while 和 for 语句 ······················································································· （192）
11.2.1 while 语句 ·························································································· （192）
11.2.2 for 语句 ····························································································· （193）
11.3 break 和 continue 语句 ··············································································· （196）
11.4 练一练——摄氏与华氏温度转换 ······························································· （198）
11.4.1 程序设计要求与具体程序 ······································································· （198）
11.4.2 程序的详细分析 ··················································································· （201）
11.5 归纳与总结 ······························································································ （204）
11.5.1 循环语句 for 与 while 的 else 扩展 ···························································· （204）
11.5.2 break 与 continue 语句的区别 ·································································· （205）
思考与实践 ········································································································ （206）
第 12 章 函数让程序优雅 ························································································ （207）
12.1 什么是函数 ······························································································ （207）
12.1.1 函数的概念 ························································································· （207）
12.1.2 为什么要使用函数 ················································································ （208）
12.2 函数的定义与调用 ···················································································· （209）
12.2.1 如何定义一个函数 ················································································ （209）
12.2.2 如何调用函数 ······················································································ （211）
12.3 函数的参数传递与不定长参数 ·································································· （213）
12.3.1 不可变类型参数的传递与可变类型参数的传递 ············································ （213）
12.3.2 必须参数、默认参数与关键词参数 ··························································· （215）
12.3.3 不定长参数 ························································································· （218）
12.4 匿名函数·································································································· （223）
12.5 变量的作用范围 ······················································································· （224）
12.6 练一练——“剪刀、石头、布”游戏 ························································ （225）
12.6.1 程序设计要求与算法设计 ······································································· （225）
12.6.2 完整程序与运行结果 ············································································· （227）
12.7 归纳与总结 ······························································································ （231）
12.7.1 函数的意义 ························································································· （231）
12.7.2 return 语句 ·························································································· （231）
12.7.3 关于默认参数 ······················································································ （232）
12.7.4 if __name__ =='__main__'的作用 ······························································ （233）
思考与实践 ········································································································ （234）
第 13 章 “分而治之”与程序的模块化 ··································································· （235）
13.1 模块化及其意义 ······················································································· （235）
13.1.1 为什么要模块化 ··················································································· （235）
13.1.2 什么是模块 ························································································· （236）
13.2 如何定义和使用模块 ················································································ （237）
13.2.1 中模块——文件模块的定义与应用 ··························································· （238）
13.2.2 模块是如何被找到并引用的——模块搜索路径 ············································ （243）
13.3 大模块——包的定义与应用 ······································································ （245）
13.3.1 什么是“包” ······················································································ （245）
13.3.2 如何定义包 ························································································· （246）
13.3.3 包的使用 ···························································································· （253）
13.4 归纳与总结 ······························································································ （256）
思考与实践 ········································································································ （257）
第 14 章 文件与数据格式化 ···················································································· （258）
14.1 文件及其操作 ··························································································· （258）
14.1.1 文件概述 ···························································································· （258）
14.1.2 打开文件——open()函数 ········································································ （259）
14.1.3 打开文件举例 ······················································································ （270）
14.1.4 读文件 ······························································································· （271）
14.1.5 写文件 ······························································································· （274）
14.1.6 文件指针及其移动 ················································································ （276）
14.1.7 关闭文件 ···························································································· （277）
14.2 文件的应用举例——词频统计 ·································································· （277）
14.2.1 英文文献的词频统计 ············································································· （277）
14.2.2 jieba 模块与中文文献的词频统计 ····························································· （279）
14.3 CSV 格式文件与 JSON 格式文件的操作 ···················································· （281）
14.3.1 CSV 格式文件及其操作 ········································································· （281）
14.3.2 JSON 格式文件及其操作 ········································································ （283）
14.4 归纳与总结 ······························································································ （286）
14.4.1 关于文件的几点注意事项 ······································································· （286）
14.4.2 文件的迭代 ························································································· （288）
思考与实践 ····································································································· （289）
第 15 章 面向对象与类——让程序更人性化 ···························································· （290）
15.1 面向对象与类 ··························································································· （290）
15.1.1 面向过程的程序设计 ············································································· （290）
15.1.2 面向对象的程序设计 ············································································· （291）
15.1.3 类 ····································································································· （292）
15.2 类的定义·································································································· （292）
15.2.1 类的定义与__init__()方法 ······································································· （292）
15.2.2 实例方法、类方法和静态方法 ································································· （295）
15.2.3 实例变量与类变量 ················································································ （298）
15.2.4 私有属性和私有方法 ············································································· （300）
15.3 类的使用·································································································· （304）
15.3.1 不带默认属性的类及其使用 ···································································· （304）
15.3.2 带默认属性的类及其使用 ······································································· （306）
15.3.3 类的组合使用 ······················································································ （308）
15.4 类的封装性 ······························································································ （310）
15.4.1 什么是封装 ························································································· （310）
15.4.2 如何封装 ···························································································· （310）
15.5 类的继承性 ······························································································ （318）
15.5.1 什么是继承 ························································································· （318）
15.5.2 类的单继承 ························································································· （319）
15.5.3 构造函数的继承 ··················································································· （321）
15.5.4 类的多继承 ························································································· （324）
15.5.5 类的多级继承 ······················································································ （328）
15.5.6 类的混合继承 ······················································································ （329）
15.6 类的多态性 ······························································································ （331）
15.6.1 什么是多态性 ······················································································ （331）
15.6.2 多态性举例 ························································································· （332）
15.7 从模块中导入类 ······················································································· （334）
15.8 归纳与总结 ······························································································ （336）
15.8.1 类方法的属性化 ··················································································· （336）
15.8.2 关于内置变量__mro__ ··········································································· （338）
15.8.3 关于内置函数 issubclass()与 isinstance() ····················································· （340）
15.8.4 关于内置函数 dir() ··············································································· （340）
思考与实践 ········································································································ （341）
第 16 章 异常处理让程序健壮 ················································································· （342）
16.1 错误与异常 ······························································································ （342）
16.1.1 错误（Error） ····················································································· （342）
16.1.2 异常（Exception） ··············································································· （346）
16.1.3 常见的标准异常 ··················································································· （347）
16.1.4 自定义异常 ························································································· （350）
16.1.5 为什么要进行异常处理 ·········································································· （352）
16.2 异常处理的一般方法——try 语句 ······························································ （354）
16.2.1 try 语句的一般语法 ·············································································· （354）
16.2.2 try 语句的执行过程分析 ········································································ （355）
16.3 异常处理的特殊方法——with 语句 ··························································· （363）
16.3.1 上下文管理 ························································································· （363）
16.3.2 为什么要使用 with 语句 ········································································· （364）
16.3.3 with 语句的一般形式 ············································································ （365）
16.3.4 with 语句的工作机制 ············································································ （365）
16.3.5 自定义上下文管理器 ············································································· （367）
16.3.6 以 Socket 通信举例说明上下文管理器的定义 ·············································· （369）
16.4 归纳与总结 ······························································································ （373）
16.4.1 关于 try 语句 ······················································································· （373）
16.4.2 关于异常的其他问题 ············································································· （374）
16.4.3 关于 Socket 通信的再说明 ······································································ （375）
思考与实践 ········································································································ （376）
第 3 篇 实战演习
第 17 章 桌面小游戏—剪刀、石头、布 ······························································· （378）
17.1 图形化人机界面 GUI 及其应用 ································································· （378）
17.2 基于 GUI 的“剪刀、石头、布”游戏的算法与类的设计 ··························· （380）
17.2.1 算法设计 ···························································································· （380）
17.2.2 类的设计 ···························································································· （382）
17.2.3 计算机出拳的实现 ················································································ （385）
17.2.4 最高得分的保存与读取 ·········································································· （386）
17.2.5 图形化界面 ························································································· （389）
17.2.6 按键和鼠标的捕捉与处理 ······································································· （390）
17.3 编辑程序·································································································· （392）
17.3.1 新建 PyCharm 工程 ··············································································· （392）
17.3.2 完整的源程序 ······················································································ （398）
17.3.3 程序运行效果 ······················································································ （405）
17.4 归纳与总结 ······························································································ （406）
17.4.1 设置解释器时出现“Cannot Save Settings”错误及其解决办法 ························ （406）
17.4.2 将代码生成可执行文件 ·········································································· （407）
思考与实践 ··································································································· （410）
第 18 章 数据挖掘与分析—Bilibili 视频爬虫 ························································· （411）
18.1 数据挖掘与网络爬虫 ················································································ （411）
18.1.1 数据挖掘 ···························································································· （411）
18.1.2 网络爬虫 ···························································································· （412）
18.1.3 网络爬虫的工作原理 ············································································· （413）
18.1.4 实现网络爬虫的关键技术 ······································································· （415）
18.1.5 爬虫的基本框架 ··················································································· （425）
18.1.6 反爬虫与 Robots 协议 ············································································ （427）
18.2 Python 网络爬虫的开发平台与环境 ··························································· （431）
18.3 爬虫的案例—B 站网络爬虫 ·································································· （432）
18.3.1 功能与设计要求 ··················································································· （432）
18.3.2 目标 URL 和应用接口的获取 ·································································· （433）
18.3.3 举例：如何快速找到 B 站全站视频信息的公共接口（API） ·························· （438）
18.3.4 算法与流程图 ······················································································ （439）
18.3.5 多进程与多线程的选择 ·········································································· （442）
18.3.6 完整的程序代码 ··················································································· （446）
18.4 归纳与总结 ······························································································ （451）
18.4.1 关于 requests 中 get()方法的几点注意事项 ·················································· （451）
18.4.2 爬虫尺寸 ···························································································· （452）
18.4.3 反爬虫技术 ························································································· （452）
思考与实践 ········································································································ （453）
第 19 章 图像识别与机器学习—字符型验证码自动识别 ······································· （454）
19.1 机器视觉与机器学习 ················································································ （454）
19.1.1 机器视觉 ···························································································· （454）
19.1.2 机器学习 ···························································································· （455）
19.1.3 机器学习与神经网络 ············································································· （456）
19.2 TensorFlow 及其卷积神经网络 ·································································· （457）
19.2.1 TensorFlow 及其介绍 ············································································ （457）
19.2.2 TensorFlow 的程序举例 ········································································· （459）
19.2.3 基于 TensorFlow 的卷积神经网络 ····························································· （460）
19.3 字符型验证码的自动识别 ········································································· （463）
19.3.1 字符型验证码 ······················································································ （463）
19.3.2 自动识别字符型验证码的两种方法 ··························································· （463）
19.4 字符型验证码自动识别程序的实现 ··························································· （465）
19.4.1 字符型验证码自动识别程序的算法设计 ····················································· （465）
19.4.2 字符型验证码自动识别程序架构 ······························································ （466）
19.4.3 字符型验证码自动识别程序 ···································································· （468）
19.4.4 程序运行结果及其分析 ·········································································· （483）
19.5 归纳与总结 ······························································································ （485）
19.5.1 关于 CNN 模型 ···················································································· （485）
19.5.2 关于 TensorFlow 的一些问题 ··································································· （487）
19.5.3 关于深度学习框架的问题 ······································································· （491）
思考与实践 ········································································································ （492）
第 20 章 智能控制—基于串口控制的二极管花样显示 ·········································· （493）
20.1 项目的设计目标 ······················································································· （493）
20.1.1 项目设计要求 ······················································································ （493）
20.1.2 串口及其设置 ······················································································ （494）
20.2 Pyboard 开发板及其应用 ·········································································· （497）
20.2.1 Pyboard 开发板 ···················································································· （497）
20.2.2 Pyboard 开发板的安装 ··········································································· （498）
20.2.3 Pyboard 开发板的控制方式 ····································································· （499）
20.2.4 Pyboard 开发板与上位机的串口通信测试 ··················································· （501）
20.3 发光二极管显示板 ···················································································· （502）
20.4 项目的算法及其分析 ················································································ （504）
20.4.1 上位机程序的算法 ················································································ （504）
20.4.2 下位机程序的算法 ················································································ （505）
20.5 项目的程序 ······························································································ （505）
20.5.1 上位机程序 ························································································· （505）
20.5.2 下位机程序 ························································································· （508）
20.6 实际运行效果及其分析 ············································································· （512）
20.6.1 样机及其运行演示 ················································································ （512）
20.6.2 程序运行要点 ······················································································ （513）
20.6.3 Pyboard 开发板的资源 ··········································································· （514）
20.7 归纳与总结 ······························································································ （516）
思考与实践 ····································································································· （516）
第 4 篇 继续前进
第 21 章 程序的调试、测试与断言 ········································································ （518）
21.1 程序的调试与测试 ···················································································· （518）
21.1.1 程序调试的方法 ··················································································· （518）
21.1.2 使用 Python 内置单步调试器（Pdb）调试程序 ············································ （522）
21.1.3 利用 IDE 集成开发环境调试程序 ····························································· （525）
21.2 程序测试的方法 ······················································································· （525）
21.2.1 为什么要对程序进行测试 ······································································· （525）
21.2.2 通过 unittest 实现一般测试 ····································································· （526）
21.2.3 使用 TestSuite 进行测试 ········································································ （530）
21.3 归纳与总结 ······························································································ （535）
思考与实践 ······································································································ （535）
第 22 章 Python 程序的打包与发布 ····································································· （536）
22.1 为什么要将程序打包 ················································································ （536）
22.2 如何将程序打包 ······················································································· （537）
22.2.1 打包成.pyc 文件 ··················································································· （537）
22.2.2 Python 程序的运行过程 ········································································· （540）
22.2.3 打包成.exe 文件 ··················································································· （541）
22.3 归纳与总结 ······························································································ （544）
思考与实践 ······································································································ （545）
第 23 章 Python 那些不得不说的事情 ··································································· （546）
23.1 如何使程序更 Pythonic ············································································· （546）
23.1.1 Python 程序的基本原则 ········································································· （546）
23.1.2 交换变量值（Swap Values） ·································································· （548）
23.1.3 合并字符串 ························································································· （549）
23.1.4 使用关键字 in ····················································································· （550）
23.1.5 Python 的 True 值（Truth Value） ····························································· （551）
23.1.6 enumerate—索引和元素（Index & Item） ················································ （552）
23.1.7 Python 方法中参数的默认值 ··································································· （553）
23.2 迭代器 ····································································································· （554）
23.2.1 迭代器及其应用 ··················································································· （554）
23.2.2 列表生成式 ························································································· （556）
23.3 生成器 ····································································································· （557）
23.3.1 生成器及其应用 ··················································································· （557）
23.3.2 yield 及其使用 ····················································································· （558）
23.4 归纳与总结 ······························································································ （560）
思考与实践 ········································································································ （561）
后记 ························································································································· （562）
致谢 ························································································································· （563）
参考文献 ·················································································································· （564）
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